The Following was copied from here
In Jewish life, Shabbat is a very important day of the
week. It is a day families get together to pray, sing and celebrate. There are
many traditions, customs and laws associated with the Shabbat day. On Friday
evening we begin our prayers with Minha, followed by Kabbalat Shabbat (these
are perakim of Tehillim and Piyutim to herald the beginning of the Shabbat),
Shir Hashirim (one of the five Megilot that is written by King Solomon) and
Arbit.
At the Friday night dinner, we sing Eshet Hail and say
the Kiddush (prayer before a meal on Shabbat). On Shabbat morning, we say the
Shahrit prayer. Following Shahrit, we read a parasha from the Torah (see Torah
section in Tanach webpage). After that we have the musaf prayers. Prior to the
Shabbat lunch, we have Kiddush as well.
In the late afternoon, we come back to the synagogue for
the Minha and Arbit prayers. After Arbit, Havdalah is said to conclude the
Shabbat. In the Havdalah we pray for success and good health for the upcoming
week. Once a month, a few days after Rosh Hodesh we say the Birkat Halebana
(prayer for the new moon) following Havdalah. In the future I hope to add some
of the pizmonim that we sing on Shabbat.
"What maqam do we use for...?" is a common
question I get. The following is one version that is based on what I have
learned over the years:
1. Friday Mincha is done in maqam Sigah.
2. Kabbalat Shabbat in maqam Nawah and Arbit in Maqam
Nahwand
3. Each week Shahrit is prayed in a different maqam (see
Hazzanut section). The "Adonai
Melech" is
sung in the maqam of the week. From Baruch SheAmar till Nishmat is done in
Maqam Bayat
unless the maqam of the week is Bayat. In that case we use another maqam
like Nahwand or
Agam.
4. For Musaf we use the Maqam Shahrit of upcoming week
5. Mincha Shabbat is done in Maqam Rast.
6. Mosae Shabbat Arbit is done in Maqam Bayat.
| MAQAMOT מקאמות | |
| RAST ראסת | Rast is the first maqam in the arrangement of the Oriental maqamot and therefore represents a beginning. The word Rast sounds similar to RAS, the Arabic word for head. This maqam is used on Shabbat Minha. |
| AJAM עג'ם | Maqam Ajam originated in Persia (Iran), and therefore it was named after Persia, which translates to Ajam in Arabic. Ajam is the Arabic equivalent of the Western Major scale. |
| BAYAT ביאת | Maqam Bayat is a slumber sounding maqam and does not necessarily imply a given theme. It is the most commonly used of the Syrian Maqamot. This maqam is used for Arbit Saturday night. |
| NAHWAND נהוונד | Nahwand is named after a city in Iranian Kurdistan. This maqam was popular in Iran and Turkey before it made its way down to Syria and Egypt. Nahwand is the closest equivalent of the Western Minor Scale. |
| SABA צבא | The Arabic word Sabi means baby boy, and this is why Maqam Saba is used for the Berit Milah (circumcision). Saba is used for perashiot that contain either births, covenants (berit), or the mention or reference to an army (Saba). |
| SIGAH שיגא | Maqam Sigah, from the Persian for "third place", is applied when there are special Torah readings. This maqam is usually used for the weekday prayers as well as the Syrian way of chanting the Torah with the cantillations (Ta'amim). |
| HIJAZ חג'אז | Hijaz refers to Saudi Arabia, which in Arabic is still known as the Hijaz. This maqam, which originated in Saudi Arabia, is used to mark sad occasions that occur on the calendar, as well as sad occasions that occur in a given parasha. |
| OCCASIONS שמחות | ||
| BRIT MILAHברית מילה | Ani Lishmach אני לשמך | Atta Ahubi אתה אהובי |
| Eroch Mehalel אערוך מהלל | Ma Tov מה טוב | |
| Yehi Shalom יהי שלום | Yigdalיגדל | |
| BABY GIRL הולדת הבת | Nava Yafa נאוה יפה | Yaala יעלה |
| Yefat Ein יפת עין | ||
| BAR MITZVA בר מצוה | Shiru Shir שירו שיר | Yoser Adama יוצר אדמה |
| WEDDING חתונה | Ani Likrat אני לקראת | El Meod אל מאד |
| Hochma Bina חכמה בינה | Makhelot Aam מקהלות עם | |
| BoEe Beshalom בואי בשלום | BoEe Beshalom בואי בשלום | |
| Eim Eshkaheck אם אשכחך | Od Yishamah עוד ישמע | |
| Ma Tovu מה טובו | Ma Tovu מה טובו | |
| Baruch Haba ברוך הבא | Shevah Berachot | |
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